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Economics - Yarra River

Specify a region: -- select region -- Avoca River Barwon River Broken River Bunyip River Campaspe River East Gippsland Glenelg River Goulburn River Hopkins River Kiewa River Lake Corangamite Latrobe River Loddon River Mallee Maribyrnong River Millicent Coast Mitchell River Moorabool River Murray-Riverina Otway Coast Ovens River Portland Coast Snowy River South Gippsland Tambo River Thomson River Upper Murray River Werribee River Wimmera - Avon Rivers Yarra River

Yarra River

What was included in the economic assessment of Australia's natural resource base?

New data sets have been developed through the National Land and Water Resources Audit that relate to economic aspects of natural resource management in Australia. There is a focus on resources used to support agriculture and resources impacted by agriculture. The Australia-wide report provides:

• An overview of the economic returns from the Nation's land and water resources used in agriculture;
• An agricultural or within pa.gifk perspective on economic aspects of salinity, sodicity and acidity;
• A "beyond the farm gate" perspective on impacts of agriculture on local infrastructure and downstream water users;
• Information on willingness to pay to slow rural population decline and improve environmental attributes that are not part of the market for agricultural products;
• An overview of how the databases developed for this project are organised and observations about ways they can be developed further to assist decision makers.

Consistent with protocols used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Australian Bureau of Agriculture and Resource Economics, the database provides a new capacity to integrate natural resource information in Australia. The data sets are primarily built for the 1996/97 financial year, the year of an agricultural census. Except where stated otherwise, all dollar values given are in 1996/97 dollars.

Most of the data is represented on a 1km by 1km grid covering agricultural land. Whilst modelled at this level of spatial detail interpretation should generally occur at coarser levels. Data on downstream infrastructure costs of deteriorating water quality has been assembled by river basin.

Context for understanding the natural resource accounts for Yarra River

Attribute	Unit	Basin value	Median Australia-wide value
Total basin area	ha	410,577	909,531
Non-agricultural area	ha	263,160	299,341
Agricultural area	ha	147,416	477,706
Irrigated agricultural area in 1996/97	ha	5,673	2,458
Dryland agricultural area in 1996/97	ha	141,743	468,383

Agricultural profit in Yarra River

Attribute	Unit	Basin value	Median Australia-wide value
1996/97 Gross revenue	$000	80,033	27,636
1996/97 Variable costs	$000	36,157	8,654
1996/97 Fixed costs	$000	34,975	12,744
1996/97 Profit at full equity	$000	8,900	2,621
1996/97 Government Support	$000	6,234	1,827
1996/97 Economic returns	$000	2,666	707
5yr (1992/93 - 1996/97) Gross revenue	$000	85,819	31,139
5yr (1992/93 - 1996/97) Total costs	$000	69,484	23,408
5yr (1992/93 - 1996/97) Profit at full equity	$000	16,334	6,194
Irrigated agriculture 5yr profit at full equity	$000	24,458	4,226
Dryland agriculture 5yr profit at full equity	$000	-8,123	2,817
Minimum area of basin needed to produce 80% of profit at full equity within basin	ha	586	16,340
Ranking of basin in order of contribution to national 1996/97 profit at full equity	#	100	no data

Costs of resource use to agriculture in Yarra River

Attribute	Unit	Basin value	Median Australia-wide value
Area where NPV of lime application is positive	ha	9,492	7,265
Area where NPV of gypsum application is positive	ha	687	2,013
Area where NPV of lime and gypsum application is positive	ha	4,404	1,496
Area where dryland salinity caused yield loss in 2000	ha	435	1,015
Area where dryland salinity may cause yield loss in 2020	ha	731	1,702
Gross benefit from ameliorating acidic soils	$000	115,348	1,232
Gross benefit from ameliorating sodic soils	$000	1,849	666
Gross benefit from ameliorating saline soils	$000	12	152
Limiting factor gross benefit	$000	115,678	2,422
Impact cost of dryland salinity to agriculture from 2000 to 2020	$000	7	48
Present value of dryland salinity impact cost to agriculture from 2000 to 2020	$000	38	266
Net present value of lime application	$000	245,143	10,411
Net present value of gypsum application	$000	201	1,046
Net present value of lime and gypsum application	$000	892,307	4,133

Costs of resource use - offsite / downstream in Yarra River

Attribute	Unit	Basin value	Median Australia-wide value
Local infrastructure cost of salinity and water table rise 2000	$000/yr	134	56
Local infrastructure cost of salinity and water table rise 2020	$000/yr	242	79
Present value of increase in local infrastructure costs from salinity & rising water tables from 2000 to 2020		597	76
•1% increase in salt loads	$000	no data	240
•5% increase in salt loads	$000	no data	1,201
•10% increase in salt loads	$000	no data	2,401
•1% increase in turbidity	$000	44,322	169
•5% increase in turbidity	$000	46,718	414
•10% increase in turbidity	$000	49,602	744
•1% increase in sediment loads	$000	171	4
•5% increase in sediment loads	$000	531	19
•10% increase in sediment loads	$000	982	35

Further information

View the Australians and Natural Resource Management 2002 (theme) report.

View other Audit assessments by clicking the links below:

• Australian Water Resources Assessment 2000
• Australian Dryland Salinity Assessment 2000
• Australian Native Vegetation Assessment 2001
• Rangelands - tracking changes: Australian Collaborative Rangeland Information System
• Australian Agriculture Assessment 2001
• Australian Catchment, River and Estuary Assessment 2002
• Australian Terrestrial Biodiversity Assessment 2002

View "Natural Resource Economics" project and technical reports:

A project report has been prepared by CSIRO Land and Water Policy and Economic Research Unit in the development of this work:

• "Values of returns to land and water and costs of degradation" Edited by S.A. Hajkowicz and M.D. Young (PDF - 2.8 MB)

The technical appendices of "Values of returns to land and water and costs of degradation" report contain detailed descriptions of the methods used in this work:

• "Values of returns to land and water and costs of degradation" Edited by S.A. Hajkowicz and M.D. Young (PDF - 2.8 MB)

The technical appendices of "Values of returns to land and water and costs of degradation" report also includes a number of component project reports. These report may be viewed separately:

• "Ex-situ Costs of Australian Land and Water Resources Degradation to non-Agricultural Industries, Infrastructure and Households - REPORT A: EX-SITU COSTS OF SALINITY " by J.F.Thomas, The Resource Economic Unit, PPK Environment & Infrastructure (PPK) (PDF - 400 KB)
• "Ex-situ Costs of Australian Land and Water Resources Degradation to non-Agricultural Industries, Infrastructure and Households- REPORT B: EX-SITU COSTS OF EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION " by J.F.Thomas, The Resource Economic Unit, PPK Environment & Infrastructure (PPK) (PDF - 300 KB)
• "Ex-situ Costs of Australian Land and Water Resources Degradation to non-Agricultural Industries, Infrastructure and Households - REPORT C: TOTAL EX-SITU DAMAGE COST ESTIMATES FOR SALINITY, WATER TURBIDITY, AND EROSION" by by J.F.Thomas, The Resource Economic Unit (PDF - 400 KB)
• "The Ex-Situ Impacts to Industrial and Commercial Water Users Due to Degradation in the Quality of Water Resources" by PPK Environment Infrastructure Pty Ltd (PDF - 200 KB)
• "Estimating community values for land and water degradation impacts" Martin van Bueren and Jeff Bennett (PDF - 1.5 MB)

Case study: View or download a technical report and appendices on dryland salinity:

• Capacity to change - Case studies of dryland salinity and watertable control by Mike Read. (PDF - 1.2 MB)
• Capacity to change - Case studies of dryland salinity and watertable control - APPENDICES by Mike Read. (PDF - 1.9 MB)

View "People" project and technical reports:

• "Framework and Review of Capacity and Motivation for Change to Sustainable Management Practices" by D. Mark Fenton, Colin MacGregor and John Cary (PDF - 410 KB)
• *"Human and social aspects capacity to change to sustainable management practices" by John Cary, Neil Barr, Heather Aslin, Trevor Webb and Shannon Kelson (PDF - 707 KB)

This report does not contain maps and needs to be read in conjunction with:

• "Social Atlas for sustainable management - a social and economic database" by John Cary, Shannon Kelson and Heather Aslin. (PDF - 165 KB)
• "Social Atlas for sustainable management - a social and economic database" report by John Cary, Shannon Kelson and Heather Aslin (Zip - 7.8 MB)
• "Structural change in Australian agriculture: implications for natural resource management" by Neil Barr (PDF - 1.8 MB)
• "Structural change in Australian agriculture: implications for natural resource management - APPENDICES" by Neil Barr (PDF - 4.3 MB)

Link to the Map Maker to view economic data.

Link to the Australian Natural Resources Data Library - to download economic and social data